Ngokuzayo uma ujabulela ucezu lukashokholethi omnandi, thatha isikhashana ucabange ngerabha ethobekile ye-silicone ekwenze kwaba nokwenzeka. Kulungile - irabha ye-silicone iyisithako esibalulekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zikashokoledi. Kodwa yenziwa kanjani?
Inqubo ye-vulcanization yindlela irabha ye-silicone edalwe ngayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukwengeza isulfure noma ezinye izinto ezilimaza irabha ukuze kusheshiswe ukuxhumanisa kwamaketango e-polymer. Lokhu kunikeza irabha ye-silicone izici zayo ezihlukile, ezifana nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokufakwa kukagesi.
Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo uma udla ushokoledi owuthandayo, khumbula ukubonga buthule kunjoloba ye-silicone evuvukele ekwenze kwaba nokwenzeka!
Yini i-vulcanization?
I-Vulcanization inqubo yamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule ngamanye e-ejenti elimazayo eboshelwa kuma-molecule amaketango amade enjoloba eluhlaza, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwamandla nokuqina kwento. Injoloba eyenziwe nge-vulcanized isetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amathayi, amapayipi, ama-seal kanye nama-gaskets.
Inqubo ye-vulcanization
I-Vulcanization iyinqubo yamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule e-polymer ngayinye exhunyaniswa namanye ama-molecule e-polymer ngamabhuloho e-athomu. Lawa mabhuloho e-athomu akhiwa ngenxa yokusabela phakathi kwamaketanga ama-polymers kanye ne-ejenti elimazayo. I-vulcanizing agent ingaba isulfure, peroxides, noma i-metal oxides. Into evame kakhulu yokwenza i-vulcanizing i-sulphur, ehlangana namapholima emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-140°C no-200°C (280°F no-392°F).
Umphumela wezinto ezixhunywe ngokuphambano uthuthukise amandla nokumelana nokushisa namakhemikhali. Irabha ene-vulcanized isetshenziswa kumathayi, amabhande okuthutha, amapayipi, ama-gaskets, ama-seal, ama-mounts, ama-vibration dampers, ama-o-rings, njll.
Izinzuzo zerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized
I-Vulcanization iyinqubo ekhethekile enikeza into yerabha ye-silicone izici ezithile ezikhethekile, iyenze ibe namandla futhi iqine kakhudlwana.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye irabha ye-silicone evutshiwe ukuthi inamandla kunerabha ye-silicone engashiyiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezenziwe ngerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized zizohlala isikhathi eside futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ziphuke.
Irabha ye-silicone ene-vulcanized nayo inokumelana kangcono nokushisa nokubanda kunerabha ye-silicone engashisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezenziwe ngenjoloba ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized ngeke zibe mancane amathuba okuba zonakaliswe amazinga okushisa adlulele.
Okokugcina, irabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized mancane amathuba okuthi izonakalise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunerabha ye-silicone engashiyiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezenziwe ngerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized zizogcina umumo wazo wangempela kanye nesimo isikhathi eside.
Umlando werabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized
Ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization kwerabha ye-silicone kwatholwa okokuqala ngo-1937 ngusokhemisi waseRussia u-Xavier Brunier ngenkathi esebenzela i-Corning Glass Works e-United States. Inqubo yaqala ukugunyazwa ngo-1941.
UBrunier wayesebenzela indlela yokuthuthukisa ukucaca kwengilazi lapho ethola ukuthi ukwengeza isibabule enjolweni ye-silicone kuthuthukisa ukucaca kwayo futhi kuyenza imelane kakhulu nokonakaliswa ukushisa nokukhanya.
Nakuba indlela eqondile yokwenza i-vulcanization ingaqondakali ngokugcwele, kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-athomu esulfure enza izixhumanisi phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecule e-polymer, okunikeza impahla izakhiwo zayo ezithuthukisiwe.
Irabha ye-silicone enevulcanized kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isiphenduke into ebalulekile enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, izivikeli zikagesi, izigxivizo zezimoto namagaskets, nezinto zokupheka.
Ikusasa lerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe sengozini
Ngokungaqiniseki kwekusasa, izinkampani eziningi zifuna indlela evumelana nemvelo yokucekela phansi irabha ye-silicone. Ikusasa lerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe sengozini lingase lingaziwa, kodwa kunezinketho eziningi ezicutshungulwayo ukuze kwenziwe inqubo isimeme.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zenjoloba ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized
Irabha ye-Silicone ingenziwa vulcanization ngezindlela ezimbili: ukungezwani kwe-vulcanization kanye ne-condensation vulcanization. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili indlela yokwelapha. Ukuze irabha ye-silicone ibe sengozini, noma yelapheke, idinga ukudlula inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-vulcanization. Lena inqubo yamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule ngamanye erabha ye-silicone exhunywa ndawonye ukuze akhe inethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Le nethiwekhi inikeza izinto eziphulukisiwe izici zayo eziyingqayizivele, ezifana nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuvumelana nezimo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-silicone vulcanization: ukungezwani kwe-vulcanization kanye ne-condensation vulcanization. Umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili indlela yokwelapha.
Ukwengeza vulcanization kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokwelapha irabha ye-silicone. Kule ndlela, i-peroxide noma i-organic halide isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwelapha. Lapho lawa ma-ejenti ehlangana nerabha ye-silicone, ahlukana abe ama-radicals asabela nomgogodla we-silicon-oksijeni wamaketanga e-polymer. Lokhu kwakha izixhumanisi phakathi kwamaketanga futhi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwenethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Enye indlela yokwelapha irabha ye-silicone i-condensation vulcanization. Kule ndlela, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-peroxide noma i-halide ephulukisa i-agent, inhlanganisela ye-silane isetshenziswa. Lapho le nhlanganisela ihlangana nerabha ye-silicone, ingena ku-hydrolysis ukuze yakhe izibopho ze-siloxane phakathi kwamaketanga. Lokhu kuphinde kuholele ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi kuphumela entweni eselashiwe enezakhiwo ezihlukile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized
Irabha ye-silicone ene-vulcanized isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi:
-Automotive: seal, gaskets, hoses, actuators
-Electric: insulation, gaskets
-Ezokwelapha: ishubhu ye-silicone, izimpawu
-I-Aerospace: izimpawu, ama-gaskets, insulation
-Imishini: izigxivizo
Izinselelo zenjoloba ye-silicone eshisiwe
Irabha ye-Silicone wuhlobo lwerabha yokwenziwa eyenziwe ngengxube ye-silicone nezinye izinto. Irabha ye-silicone ene-vulcanized uhlobo lwerabha ye-silicone ephathwe ngamakhemikhali noma ukushisa ukuze kwenyuswe amandla nokuqina kwayo.
Enye yezinselelo zenjoloba ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized ukuthi kungaba nzima ukusebenza nayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi irabha ye-silicone eyenziwe vulcanized ilukhuni futhi ayiguquguquki kancane kunerabha ye-silicone engashiyiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kungaba nzima ukusika, ukubumba, noma ukubumba irabha ye-silicone evuvukele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile noma amasu.
Enye inselele yenjoloba ye-silicone ecindezelwe ukuthi ayihambisani nezinye izinto zokunamathisela nama-sealants njengerabha ye-silicone engashisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ezimbili zenjoloba ye-silicone evuvukele ndawonye usebenzisa izinto zokunamathisela noma izinsimbi.
