Imixholo yoKhuseleko ye-Drilling Rig
- Ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi luhlala luhamba phambili kuyo nayiphi na i-drilling rig. Abaqhubi be-rig kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi basebenzisa zonke izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo, ezinjengeehati eziqinileyo kunye neempahla zamehlo ezikhuselayo, kwaye balandele iinkqubo eziyimfuneko zokhuseleko xa besebenza kwiindawo eziyingozi. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka kwakhona babe nesicwangciso sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukuze abasebenzi bafumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza ukuba bafumana nayiphi na imiba ngelixa besemsebenzini.
- Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa i-drilling rig. Izixhobo zokugrumba kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo engqongqo ephathelele ukukhutshwa komoya, ukulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ukuze kukhuselwe i-ecosystem yasekhaya kungcoliseko okanye ingozi ebangelwa kukusebenza kwazo. Ngaphaya koko, abaqhubi kufuneka babeke iliso kwiimeko zomphezulu wamanzi akufutshane ukuze baqinisekise ngokuchasene nokuchitheka okanye omnye umonakalo wokusingqongileyo onokuthi wenziwe ngexesha lomsebenzi wokomba.
- Okokugqibela, ukhuseleko lokusebenza lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo sokomba ngamaxesha onke. Abaqhubi beRig kufuneka baqaphele iingozi ezinokubakho ezifana nomhlaba oshukumayo okanye izakhiwo ezingazinzanga, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ulondolozo olufanelekileyo lwenziwa kuzo zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokomba ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo ezikhokelela kwingozi okanye ukwenzakala kwisiza. Ukongezelela, uhlolo olungqongqo kufuneka luqhutywe rhoqo ukuchonga umngcipheko onokuthi ube yingxaki enkulu kwaye kubangele umonakalo okanye ukulimala.
Iindidi zoMngcipheko:
Umngcipheko yinxalenye yendalo yokusebenza kokomba kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo. Iindidi zemingcipheko enxulumene nezixhobo zokomba zinokwahluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokusebenza, uhlobo lwesixhobo, kunye nokusingqongileyo esebenza kuyo. Imingcipheko eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukungaphumeleli komatshini, ukuqhuma / ubungozi bomlilo, iimpazamo zabantu okanye ukunganakwa, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye neentlekele zendalo.
Ukungaphumeleli koomatshini okunjengokonakaliswa kwezixhobo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ukuba akuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Iirigi ziziqwengana ezintsonkothileyo zoomatshini abafuna ukugcinwa rhoqo ukuze basebenze ngokukhuselekileyo; ukusilela ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye iingozi. Ugqabhuko-dubulo/iingozi zomlilo zinokuvela kwizinto ezinokutsha ezigcinwe kwindawo okanye ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lokusebenza, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiziphumo eziyingozi ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle.
Iimpazamo zabantu okanye ukungakhathali kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuhlolwa umngcipheko kwisixhobo sokomba. Abasebenzi okanye abasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga ngokufanelekileyo abangayilandeliyo imigaqo yokhuseleko bazisa ingozi ekufuneka inikwe ingxelo ngoqeqesho olululo kunye nokubekwa kweliso. Ukongeza, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kuhlala kuyinkxalabo malunga nezixhobo zokomba ngenxa yokuba kufutshane nemithombo enokubakho efana neekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma eziveliswa ngulo msebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, iintlekele zendalo ezifana neenyikima okanye izikhukhula zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuba izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo azithathwanga ngaphambi kwexesha.
Iingozi zoomatshini
Enye yeengozi eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini ezinxulumene nezixhobo zokomba kukusilela kwezixhobo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa oomatshini bengasebenzi kakuhle okanye bengasebenzi kakuhle, okukhokelela kumonzakalo okanye umonakalo wepropathi. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukuchonga iingozi ezinokuthi zibekho koomatshini kwaye bazi indlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo nokugcina izixhobo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uhlole rhoqo oomatshini bokonakala nokukrala, ukurusa, iindawo ezibuthathaka, njl. njl., ukuze nayiphi na imiba enokubakho iqwalaselwe phambi kokuba ibe yingozi.
Enye ingozi yomatshini eqhelekileyo kwiirigi zokomba ibandakanya ukutyibilika, iihambo kunye nokuwa okubangelwa ziimpawu ezingonelanga zokhuseleko ezifana neeleli kunye neentsimbi zokugada. Ukusebenza malunga noomatshini abanzima kunokukhokelela kuluhlu olubanzi lokulimala okunokwenzeka ukuba akukho zixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kwindawo. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iileli zineenyawo ezizinzileyo kunye neentambo zokuphatha phezulu; iindawo zokugada kufuneka zifakwe apho zifuneka khona; imigangatho kufuneka igcinwe icocekile kwinkunkuma; kwaye abasebenzi kufuneka basoloko besebenzisa izihlangu ezifanelekileyo xa besebenza kumaqonga okanye kwi-scaffolding.
Okokugqibela, amanqanaba engxolo yenye into ebalulekileyo xa kufikwa ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiirigi zokomba. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwingxolo ephezulu evela koomatshini kunokubangela ukungeva kakuhle ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoko ke abaqeshi kufuneka babonelele ngokhuseleko lokuva olwaneleyo kubasebenzi babo ukuba amazinga engxolo angaphezulu kwemida ethile. Ukongeza, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba engxolo eyenziwa ngamalungu angasebenzi kakuhle okanye amacandelo agugileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iingozi zombane
Iingozi zombane yenye yezona zihloko zokhuseleko eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nezixhobo zokugaya. Umbane unokuba yingozi kubasebenzi nakwizixhobo zokusebenza, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi bazi iingozi ezinokubakho kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okunciphisa imingcipheko. Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zombane, iiswitshi, iintambo neengcingo zibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo, zikhuselekile kwaye zigcinwa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuhlola zonke iintambo kunye neeplagi zeempawu zomonakalo ngaphambi kokuba uzisebenzise kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ukongeza, abasebenzi kufuneka bakuphephe ukuphatha iingcingo ezivulelekileyo okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikufutshane nawo nawuphi na umthombo wombane. Amanye amanyathelo okhuseleko aquka ukunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela xa usebenza kufutshane nemithombo yamandla ephilayo kwakunye nokungaze usebenze oomatshini ngelixa umi kwindawo emanzi okanye kufutshane nemithombo yamanzi. Okokugqibela, abaqeshwa bafanele basoloko besebenzisa isiphazamiso se-ground fault circuit (GFCI) xa kunokwenzeka ukuze kuthintelwe ukothuka okubangelwa kukuhamba kombane okungalindelekanga. Ukubambelela kwezi protokoli ngundoqo ekuthinteleni iimeko ezinokuba yingozi ezibandakanya umbane kwindawo yokomba.
Umlilo & Uqhushumbo
Ukukhuselwa komlilo kunye nokukhuselwa kuyisihloko esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko ekufuneka siqwalaselwe kwi-drilling rig. Ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokuqhuma kufuneka kuthathwe ngokungathí sina, njengoko izinto ezinokutsha zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi ze-rig, ezifana nokugcinwa kombhobho we-drill, iitanki zamafutha kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ezinye iingozi zomlilo ezinokuthi zibekho ziquka ukusebenza kwe-welding, izinto zokutshaya, kunye nolwelo olunokutsha kufutshane namadangatye avulekileyo okanye imithombo yobushushu. Ukuthintela umlilo ukuba ungenzeki kwisixhobo sokusebenza, bonke abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuze baqaphele iimpawu zengozi yomlilo kunye nobuchule obufanelekileyo bokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka. Ulondolozo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo kufuneka kwakhona luqhutywe rhoqo ukunciphisa umngcipheko womlilo oqalwe ngocingo olungalunganga okanye ezinye iingxaki zoomatshini.
Uqhushumbo yenye ingozi enkulu enxulunyaniswa nezixhobo zokomba, ngenxa yobukho beegesi ezenzeka ngokwendalo ezinokuqokelelana kwiipokotho ezingaphantsi komhlaba ngexesha lomsebenzi wokomba. Ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wogqabhuko-dubulo olwenzeka kwindawo yokomba, bonke abasebenzi kufuneka babambelele kwiindlela zokusebenza ezingqongqo ezikhuselekileyo xa bephethe izixhobo zethafa yeoli eziqulethe izinto eziguqukayo ezifana ne-methane okanye igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Oku kuquka ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo ezinje ngeesuti zedangatye kunye nemaski xa ungena kwiindawo ezinobungozi eziqulethe ukukhutshwa kwerhasi etshayo. Ukongeza, uhlolo olucokisekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe nawuphi na umsebenzi onokuthi uvuthe ezi gesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko olululo kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokomba.
Ukuthintelwa kweeNgozi:
Ukuthintela iingozi kwisixhobo sokomba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe indawo ekhuselekileyo nenemveliso. Enye indlela yokuthintela iimeko eziyingozi kukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela (personal protective equipment (PPE). Oku kuquka iminqwazi eqinileyo, iiglasi zokhuseleko, izixhobo zokuphefumla, ukhuselo lokuva, iiglavu kunye nezinye izinto ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi owenziwayo. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iingozi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayazazi iingozi ezinokubakho kwisixhobo sokusebenza. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabasebenzi nalo kufuneka lukhuthazwe ukuze wonke umntu asebenze kunye njengeqela. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kufuneka kugqitywe ngokunjalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwako nakuphi na ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye iingozi ezenzekayo. Okokugqibela, abasebenzi kufuneka babambelele kuzo zonke iiprothokholi zokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo ngamaxesha onke ukuze kuthintelwe nayiphi na imeko enobungozi ekuveleni ngelixa besebenza kwisixhobo sokomba.
Uqeqesho neMfundo
Uqeqesho nemfundo zibalulekile ekugcineni indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwisixhobo sokomba. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banolwazi ngamanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo ukuze bazikhusele bona kunye nabanye kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Oku kubandakanya izihloko ezinjengokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokukhusela zomntu, ukuchongwa kwengozi, amanyathelo okulawula, iiprothokholi zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye neenkqubo zokuphuma. Uqeqesho kufuneka kwakhona lubandakanye izihloko ezifana nokunika ingxelo ngengozi, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo, iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuphakamisa kunye neendlela zempilo jikelele kunye nokhuseleko ngelixa usebenza kwirig. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngezifundo zokuhlaziya rhoqo ukuze abasebenzi bahlale benolwazi malunga notshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo okanye imingcipheko emitsha eye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Imfundo mayilungelelaniswe nendima yomntu ngamnye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uyazi kakuhle ukuba luyintoni uxanduva lwakhe xa kuziwa kukhuseleko kwisixhobo sokulawula. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa iingozi ngenxa yoqeqesho olungafanelekanga okanye ukungabi nolwazi.
Iinkqubo zokulumkisa
Iinkqubo ezilumkisayo zizihloko zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zokomba ezinokuthi zincede ekunciphiseni ukubakho kweengozi ezikwisiza. Iinkqubo zokulumkisa zibandakanya iisiren kunye nee-alam ezilumkisa abasebenzi ngemeko enokuba yingozi. Ukongeza, banokunikezela ngezilumkiso ezibonakalayo ezifana nezibane ezidanyazayo ezibomvu okanye iimpawu ezikhanyisiweyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ezi nkqubo zokulumkisa kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kubekwe iliso elibukhali ngabaphathi. Uqeqesho olululo kufuneka kwakhona lubonelelwe ngendlela yokusabela kwimeko yokuxhoma i-alam kaxakeka. Ngaphaya koko, iinkqubo zokulumkisa kufuneka zibekwe ngobuchule kufutshane nesiza kwiindawo apho abasebenzi basenokungasoloko bekwazi ukuzibona okanye ukuziva ngamaxesha apho oomatshini abangxolayo besebenza kufutshane. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba bonke abasebenzi baphume ngokukhawuleza xa kuqaliswa inkqubo yokulumkisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenzakala okunokubakho okanye ukwenzakala kuyo nayiphi na ingozi echongiweyo.
Ukulawulwa koMngcipheko:
Ukulawulwa komngcipheko yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lwesixhobo sokomba. Ibandakanya ukuhlalutya umngcipheko, ukuchonga iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokunciphisa nokuzilawula. Ulawulo lomngcipheko yinkqubo yokuvavanya, ukulawula kunye nokubeka iliso kwingozi ehambelana nokusebenza kwesixhobo sokomba. Kubandakanya ukuqaphela iingozi ezinokuthi zibekho, ukuvavanya ukwenzeka kwazo, ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa impembelelo yabo kubasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kunye nokuphumeza iiprothokholi eziyimfuneko zokhuseleko. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo olululo lwengozi kwisixhobo sokugrumba, abaqhubi kufuneka baqaphele naluphi na utshintsho kwimimiselo okanye imigangatho enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nabo nabuphi na ubugcisa obutsha okanye izenzo zokusebenza ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko. Oku kukwabandakanya ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezixhobo zemfezeko yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka kwenziwe uphicotho lwarhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiprothokholi zokhuseleko zilandelwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwakunye namaxwebhu okungqinisisa afana neerekhodi zolondolozo ukuze achaneke. Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi olwaneleyo kufuneka lubonelelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba bonke abasebenzi bayaziqonda iinkqubo zokuchongwa komngcipheko, iindlela zokunciphisa, iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nezicwangciso zokusabela ngokungxamisekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko enobungozi enokuthi ivele ngexesha lomsebenzi.
Izixhobo zoKhuseleko
Izixhobo zokhuseleko zibalulekile kwizixhobo zokomba kwaye zinokunceda ekuthinteleni iingozi ezixabisa imali eninzi. Esinye sezona zixhobo zokhuseleko zibaluleke kakhulu yi-bloutout preventer (BOP), esetyenziselwa ukuvala ukuhamba kweoli okanye igesi ukuba ngokungalindelekanga inyuke kakhulu. Sisixhobo esikhulu, esinzima sevalvu yentsimbi esihlala phezu kwentloko yequla kwaye sinokusebenza ngombane okanye ngoomatshini. Esinye isixhobo esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko sisixokelelwano sokucinywa konxunguphalo (ESD) esivala ngokuzenzekelayo i-drill xa kukho unxunguphalo, njengokusilela kombane okanye umlilo. Ibandakanya abenzi boluvo, iirelays kunye nokutshintsha okubona imeko engxamisekileyo kwaye emva koko kusebenze inkqubo ye-ESD ukumisa yonke imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko zibandakanya iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iingcingo zohambo olukhuselekileyo kunye nee-alam, iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokucima umlilo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ze-seismic ukukhangela iinyikima ezinokuthi zibekho kufuphi nesiza sokomba. Zonke ezi zixhobo zokhuseleko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo ngaphezu kokunciphisa nayiphi na ingozi ehambelana nemisebenzi yokomba.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo sisihloko esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko kwiirigi zokomba. Kubalulekile ukuhlola i-rig kunye nezixhobo zayo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo akhuselekile kwaye ayasebenza. Oku kubandakanya ukugcinwa rhoqo kwederrick, mast, block block, draw works, swivel, rotary table, kelly bushing kunye nezinye iindawo ezihambayo zomtya we-drill. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukujonga zonke iinkqubo zenkxaso ezifana neebhloko zokunyusa, iintambo zocingo kunye ne-slings ngeempawu zokuguga okanye umonakalo. Okokugqibela, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola umgangatho we-drill kunye neeseyili yonke imihla ukujonga naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho okanye iingxaki ezinokukhokelela kwiingozi okanye ukwenzakala. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunceda ukuthintela ukulungiswa kweendleko okanye ixesha lokunciphisa ngenxa yezixhobo ezaphukileyo. Bakwaqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abakwisiza bahlala bekhuselekile ekwenzakaleni ngelixa besebenzisa isixhobo sokomba ngokufanelekileyo.
Isicwangciso sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo
Isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka sibalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko kwisixhobo sokomba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bayazazi iiprothokholi ezingxamisekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho uqheliselo rhoqo kunye neeseshoni zoqeqesho. Bonke abasebenzi bafanele ukuba baqhelene nendawo ezikuyo izixhobo zexesha likaxakeka ezifana nezicima-mlilo, izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala, kunye neendlela zokuphuma. Kukwabalulekile ukuba wonke umntu aluqonde uluhlu lomyalelo kwimeko yonxunguphalo, ngakumbi umntu ekufuneka axele kuye xa ebona isiganeko okanye efuna uncedo. Iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo nazo kufuneka zisekwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ukubhideka ngexesha lesiganeko esingalindelekanga. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzi baqonde indlela yokuvala iinkqubo ezithile ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuncitshiswe umonakalo onokwenzeka kumatshini ongasebenzi kakuhle okanye esinye isehlo esiyingozi. Okokugqibela, ukujongwa rhoqo kokugcinwa kunokunceda ukukhusela iimeko ezininzi ezingxamisekileyo ukuba zenzeke kwindawo yokuqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo asebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
isiphelo
Ukuqukunjelwa kwesihloko sokhuseleko lwe-drilling rig kufuneka sigxininise ekugxininiseni ukubaluleka kokulandela imigaqo yokhuseleko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuba iindlela zokhuseleko zibalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi kunye nokuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yakhe wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokomba. Ngokulandela imithetho yokhuseleko, abasebenzi banokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwaye baqinisekise ukuba indawo abasebenza kuyo ihlala ikhuselekile. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho isicwangciso semisebenzi yokomba ebandakanya uqeqesho olululo kunye nemfundo malunga nendlela yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo. Ukongeza, ukubanjwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kunganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiprothokholi zokhuseleko zilandelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuzibophelela kuqeqesho oluqhubekayo nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ngala manyathelo okhuseleko akhoyo, abasebenzi banokuziva bezithembile ukuba bathatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba bahlala bekhuselekile ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wokomba.
