Izihloko Zokuphepha Ze-Drilling Rig
- Ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kuhlala kuyinto ehamba phambili kunoma yimuphi umshini wokumba. Ama-Rig operators kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzisa zonke izinto zokuphepha ezifanele, njengezigqoko eziqinile nezingubo zamehlo ezivikelayo, futhi balandele izinqubo zokuphepha ezidingekayo lapho besebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abasebenzi kufanele futhi babe nohlelo lokuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze abasebenzi bathole usizo ngokushesha uma behlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngesikhathi besemsebenzini.
- Ukuphepha kwemvelo kungenye into ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho usebenzisa umshini wokumba. Imishini yokumba kufanele ihambisane nemithetho eqinile ephathelene nokukhipha komoya, ukulahlwa kwamanzi angcolile, nokugcinwa kwezinto eziyingozi ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo yendawo ekungcoleni noma ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqhubi kufanele baqaphe izimo ezingaphezulu zamanzi aseduze ukuze baqinisekise ngokumelene nokuchitheka noma okunye ukulimala kwemvelo okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokumba.
- Okokugcina, ukuphepha kokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwendawo yokumba ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ama-Rig operators kudingeka aqaphele izingozi ezingaba khona ezifana nomhlabathi oguquguqukayo noma izakhiwo ezingaqinile, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyenziwa kuzo zonke izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukumba ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini okuholela engozini noma ukulimala esizeni. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuze kuhlonzwe izingozi ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu futhi kubangele omunye umonakalo noma ukulimala.
Izinhlobo Zobungozi:
Ubungozi buyingxenye yemvelo yokusebenza kokumba futhi kufanele kulawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile. Izinhlobo zobungozi ezihambisana nezinsimbi zokumba zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lokusebenza, uhlobo lwe-rig, nendawo esebenza kuyo. Izingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukuqhuma/izingozi zomlilo, amaphutha abantu noma ubudedengu, ukuchitheka kwezinto eziyingozi nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ukwehluleka kwemishini njengokuwohloka kwemishini kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu uma kungalungiswanga ngokushesha nangendlela efanele. Ama-Rigs ayizingcezu zemishini eyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukulungiswa njalo ukuze zisebenze ngokuphepha; ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekulimaleni noma ezingozini. Izingozi zokuqhuma/zomlilo zingase ziphakame ezintweni ezivuthayo ezigcinwe endaweni noma ezisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele uma kungabhekwanga kahle.
Amaphutha omuntu noma ubudedengu kufanele futhi kubhekwe lapho kuhlolwa ubungozi endaweni yokumba. Abasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga kahle noma abasebenzi abangazilandeli izimiso zokuphepha baletha ingozi okufanele ibhekwe ngokuqeqeshwa nokugadwa okufanele. Ukwengeza, ukuchitheka kwezinto eziyingozi kuvame ukuba yinkinga ngemishini yokumba ngenxa yokuba seduze kwemithombo engaba khona njengamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kule nqubo kanye nemikhiqizo kadoti ekhiqizwa umsebenzi. Okokugcina, izinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba noma izikhukhula zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu uma izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha zingathathwa kusenesikhathi.
Izingozi Zemishini
Enye yezingozi ezivame kakhulu zemishini ezihlobene nezinsimbi zokumba ukwehluleka kwemishini. Lokhu kungenzeka uma imishini ingasebenzi kahle noma ingasebenzi kahle, okuholela ekulimaleni noma ekulimaleni kwempahla. Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshelwe ukuhlonza izingozi ezingase zibe khona futhi bazi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani futhi zigcinwe kanjani ngokuphepha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola njalo imishini ukuthi ayigugile yini, igqwalile, izindawo ezibuthakathaka, njll., ukuze noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zixazululwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingozi.
Enye ingozi evamile yemishini ezinsimbini zokubhola ibandakanya ukushelela, uhambo nokuwa okubangelwa izici zokuphepha ezinganele njengezitebhisi nezinsimbi zokuqapha. Ukusebenza eduze kwemishini esindayo kungaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zokulimala okungenzeka uma zingekho izici zokuphepha ezifanele ezikhona. Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, abaqashi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi izitebhisi zinezinyawo ezizinzile kanye nezinsimbi zezandla phezulu; ama-guardrails kufanele afakwe lapho kudingeka khona; phansi kufanele kugcinwe kungenalutho kudoti; futhi abasebenzi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi basebenzise izicathulo ezifanele lapho besebenza ezinkundleni noma kuscaffolding.
Okokugcina, amazinga omsindo angesinye isici esibalulekile uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile kumishini yokumba. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni ephezulu evela emishinini kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho abaqashi kufanele banikeze isivikelo sokuzwa esanele kubasebenzi babo uma amazinga omsindo edlula imingcele ethile. Ukwengeza, ukunakekelwa njalo kwemishini kusiza ukunciphisa amazinga omsindo adalwa izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle noma izingxenye eziguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izingozi Zikagesi
Izingozi zikagesi zingesinye sezihloko zokuphepha ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nezinsimbi zokumba. Ugesi ungaba yingozi kubasebenzi namathuluzi, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi abaqhubi baqaphele izingozi ezingaba khona futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izintambo zikagesi, amaswishi, izintambo nezintambo zibhalwe ngokufanelekile, zivikelekile futhi zigcinwa zinakekelwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola zonke izintambo namapulaki ukuze uthole izimpawu zomonakalo ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi kufanele zigweme ukuthinta izintambo eziveziwe noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi eduze kwanoma yimuphi umthombo kagesi. Ezinye izindlela zokuphepha zihlanganisa ukugqoka amagiya afanele okuvikela lapho usebenza eduze kwemithombo yamandla aphilayo kanye nokungalokothi usebenzise imishini umi endaweni emanzi noma eduze nemithombo yamanzi. Okokugcina, abasebenzi kufanele bahlale besebenzisa isiphazamisi se-ground fault circuit (GFCI) uma kungenzeka ukuze bagweme ukushaqeka ngenxa yokwanda okungalindelekile kokugeleza kukagesi. Ukunamathela kulezi zimiso kubalulekile ekugwemeni izimo ezingaba yingozi ezibandakanya ugesi endaweni yomshini wokumba.
Umlilo & Ukuqhuma
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela umlilo kuyisihloko esibalulekile sokuphepha okufanele sicatshangelwe kumshini wokumba. Ukuphepha komlilo nokuqhuma kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína, njengoba izinto ezivuthayo zingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi ze-rig, njengokugcinwa kwamapayipi okubhoboza, amathangi kaphethiloli, nezinto zikagesi. Ezinye izingozi zomlilo ezingaba khona zihlanganisa imisebenzi yokushisela, izinto zokubhema, noketshezi oluvuthayo eduze kwamalangabi avulekile noma imithombo yokushisa. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqubuka komlilo emshinini wokuthungatha, bonke abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe ukuze babone izimpawu zengozi yomlilo kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukugcinwa okufanele kwezinto zokusebenza kufanele futhi kwenziwe njalo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yomlilo oqalwe yizintambo ezinephutha noma ezinye izinkinga zemishini.
Ukuqhuma kungenye ingozi engathi sína ehambisana nezinsimbi zokumba, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagesi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo angase anqwabelene emaphaketheni ngaphansi komhlaba ngesikhathi sokumba. Ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuqhuma okwenzeka endaweni yokumba, bonke abasebenzi kufanele babambelele ezindleleni zokusebenza eziqinile eziphephile lapho bephethe impahla yasendaweni kawoyela equkethe izinto eziguquguqukayo njenge-methane noma i-hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifana namasudi avimbela ilangabi kanye namamaski lapho ungena ezindaweni eziyingozi eziqukethe ukukhishelwa kwegesi evuthayo. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongase uthungele la magesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha okuphelele kwawo wonke umuntu ohilelekile ekusebenzeni kokumba.
Ukuvimbela Izingozi:
Ukuvimbela izingozi kumshini wokumba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe indawo ephephile nekhiqizayo. Enye indlela yokuvimbela izimo eziyingozi ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (PPE). Lokhu kuhlanganisa izigqoko eziqinile, izibuko zokuphepha, izinsimbi zokuphefumula, ukuvikela ukuzwa, amagilavu nezinye izinto ezithile kuye ngomsebenzi owenziwayo. Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele nakho kungasiza ekwehliseni izingozi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi ziyazazi izingozi ezingase zibe khona kumshini wokugaya. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzi nakho kufanele kukhuthazwe ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukusebenzisana njengeqembu. Ukugcinwa njalo kwezinto zokusebenza kufanele kuqedwe futhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo zokusebenza ezifanele futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okuthi kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle noma izingozi ezenzekayo. Okokugcina, abasebenzi kufanele babambelele kuzo zonke izimiso zokuphepha nezinqubo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze bagweme noma yiziphi izimo eziyingozi ukuthi zingaveli ngenkathi besebenza emshinini wokumba.
Ukuqeqeshwa Nemfundo
Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo yokusebenza ephephile endaweni yokumba. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi banolwazi mayelana nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze bazivikele bona kanye nabanye ezingozini ezingase zibe khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izihloko ezinjengokusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinto zokuzivikela, ukuhlonza izingozi, izinyathelo zokulawula, izinqubo zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye nezinqubo zokuphuma. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele futhi kufake izihloko ezinjengokubika ingozi, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwemishini, izindlela zokuphakamisa ezifanele kanye nemikhuba yezempilo nokuphepha evamile ngenkathi usebenza emshinini wokuthungatha. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngezifundo zokuvuselela njalo ukuze abasebenzi bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngezinguquko zezinqubomgomo noma ubungozi obusha obuvele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imfundo kumele ihambisane neqhaza lomuntu ngamunye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bazi kahle ukuthi iyini izibopho zabo uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha emshinini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa izingozi ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa okungafanele noma ukuntula ulwazi.
Isexwayiso Systems
Izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ziyizihloko ezibalulekile zokuphepha zemishini yokumba ezingasiza ekunciphiseni amathuba ezingozi ezenzeka esizeni. Amasistimu okuxwayisa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izinhlabamkhosi nama-alamu axwayisa abasebenzi ngesimo esingaba yingozi. Ukwengeza, zingase futhi zinikeze izexwayiso ezibonakalayo njengezibani ezikhanyayo ezibomvu noma izimpawu ezikhanyisiwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, lezi zinhlelo zokuxwayisa kufanele zihlolwe njalo futhi zigcinwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuqashwe ngokucophelela ngabaphathi. Kufanele futhi kunikezwe ukuqeqeshwa okufanele mayelana nendlela yokusabela uma kwenzeka kuba ne-alamu ephuthumayo icushiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kufanele zibekwe ngendlela efanele endaweni ezindaweni lapho izisebenzi zingeke zikwazi ukuzibona noma ukuzizwa ngezikhathi lapho imishini enomsindo isebenza eduze. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abasebenzi baphume ngokushesha lapho uhlelo lokuxwayisa luqalwa ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala okungase kube khona noma ukulimala kunoma iyiphi ingozi ehlonziwe.
Ukulawulwa Kwezingozi:
Ukulawulwa kobungozi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwemishini yokumba. Kubandakanya ukuhlaziya ubungozi, ukuhlonza izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nokwakha amasu okunciphisa nokuzilawula. Ukulawulwa kobungozi kuyinqubo yokuhlola, yokulawula kanye nokuqapha ubungozi obuhlobene nokusebenza komshini wokumba. Kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela izingozi ezingaba khona, ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwenzeka kwazo, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa noma ukuqeda umthelela wazo kubasebenzi namathuluzi kanye nokusebenzisa izimiso zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kobungozi okufanele endaweni yokumba, abaqhubi kufanele baqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko emithethweni noma ezimisweni ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kanye nanoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha noma izinqubo zokusebenza ezingase zinciphise ubungozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuhlola njalo okokusebenza kobuqotho bokusebenza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ngendlela efanele emisebenzini ephephile. Ukwengeza, ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile kufanele kwenzeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izimiso zokuphepha zilandelwa ngendlela efanele, kanye nokuqinisekisa amadokhumenti afana namarekhodi okulondoloza ukunemba. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi okwanele kufanele kuhlinzekwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayaziqonda izinqubo zokuhlonza ubungozi, amasu okunciphisa, izinqubo zokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo zanoma yisiphi isimo esiyingozi esingase sivele ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Imishini Yezokuphepha
Imishini yokuphepha ibalulekile emishinini yokumba futhi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izingozi ezibizayo. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha i-bloutout preventer (BOP), esetshenziselwa ukuvala ukuhamba kukawoyela noma igesi uma ikhuphuka kakhulu ngokungalindelekile. Kuwumshini wevalvu wensimbi omkhulu, osindayo ohlezi phezu kwesihloko somthombo futhi ungasebenza ngamanzi noma ngomshini. Esinye isisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuphepha uhlelo lokuvala shaqa izimo eziphuthumayo (ESD) oluvala ngokuzenzakalelayo umshini wokubhoboza uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, njengokuphela kukagesi noma umlilo. Kuhlanganisa izinzwa, ama-relay namaswishi athola isimo esiphuthumayo bese evula isistimu ye-ESD ukuze imise yonke imisebenzi ngokushesha. Ezinye izinsiza zokuphepha zihlanganisa amavalvu okusiza ukucindezela, izintambo zokuphepha kanye nama-alamu, izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zokucisha umlilo kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ukuzamazama komhlaba ukuze kutholwe ukuzamazama komhlaba okungase kube khona eduze nendawo yokumba. Wonke lawa madivayisi okuphepha adlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile ngaphezu kokunciphisa noma iyiphi ingozi ehlobene nemisebenzi yokumba.
Ukuhlola Okuvamile
Ukuhlola okuvamile kuyisihloko esibalulekile sokuphepha semishini yokumba. Kubalulekile ukuhlola i-rig kanye nemishini yayo njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye ziphephile futhi zisebenza ngokuhlelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola okuvamile kwe-derrick, insika, ibhlokhi yomqhele, imisebenzi yokudweba, i-swivel, itafula elijikelezayo, i-kelly bushing nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo zentambo yokubhoboza. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuhlola zonke izinhlelo zokusekela ezifana namabhulokhi okuphakamisa, izintambo zocingo kanye nezihlilingi ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuguga noma ukulimala. Okokugcina, kuyadingeka ukuhlola indawo yokubhoboza kanye nama-cellars nsuku zonke ukuze kubhekwe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona noma izinkinga ezingaholela ezingozini noma ekulimaleni. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ukuvimbela ukulungiswa okumba eqolo noma isikhathi sokuphumula ngenxa yemishini ephukile. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi abasendaweni bahlala bephephile ekulimaleni ngenkathi besebenzisa umshini wokumba ngendlela efanele.
Uhlelo Lwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo
Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo lubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha emshinini wokumba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayazazi izinqubo eziphuthumayo, kubalulekile ukuba nezikhathi zokuqeqesha kanye nezikhathi zokuqeqesha. Bonke abasebenzi kufanele bazi indawo yemishini yezimo eziphuthumayo njengezicisha umlilo, izinsiza zosizo lokuqala kanye nezindlela zokuphuma. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi wonke umuntu aqonde uchungechunge lwemiyalo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kufanele abike kubani uma ebona isigameko noma edinga usizo. Izimiso nezinqubo zokuxhumana kufanele futhi zisungulwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukudideka ngesikhathi sesigameko esingalindelekile. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi baqonde indlela yokuvala amasistimu athile ngokushesha ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo ongaba khona ovela emshinini ongasebenzi kahle noma esinye isenzakalo esiyingozi. Okokugcina, ukuhlola okujwayelekile kokulungisa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo eziningi eziphuthumayo ukuthi zingenzeki kwasekuqaleni ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisebenza kahle futhi ngokuphephile.
Isiphetho
Isiphetho sesihloko sokuphepha kwemishini yokumba kufanele sigxile ekugcizeleleni ukubaluleka kokulandela izimiso zokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuthi izindlela eziphephile zibalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuphila kahle kwawo wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokumba. Ngokulandela imithetho yokuphepha, abasebenzi banganciphisa ingozi yokulimala futhi baqinisekise ukuthi indawo abasebenza kuyo ihlala iphephile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nohlelo olukhona lwemisebenzi yokumba oluhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nemfundo yokuthi izisetshenziswa ngokuphephile zisetshenziswa kanjani. Ukwengeza, ukuba nokuzivocavoca njalo nokuhlolwa kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimiso zokuphepha zilandelwa ngendlela efanele. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ephephile, kuyadingeka ukuzibophezela ekuqeqeshweni okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ngalezi zindlela zokuphepha ezikhona, abasebenzi bangazizwa beqiniseka ukuthi bathatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala bephephile phakathi nakho konke ukumba.
