Kune marudzi maviri erabha: zvakasikwa uye zvekugadzira. Rabha rechisikigo rinobva kulatex, muto une mukaka unowanikwa mumiti inonaya mvura yakawanda. Synthetic rubber inogadzirwa kubva kune petroleum zvigadzirwa uye haibvi muzvirimwa.
Nhanganyaya: chii chinonzi silicone nerabha yechisikigo, uye ndeipi misiyano yakakosha?
Rabha rechisikigo, rinobva ku latex yemuti weHevea brasiliensis, ndiro rave riripo guru rerubha kubva payakawanikwa nevaongorori veEuro-America muSouth America muzana remakore rechi16. Brazil ndiyo yainyanya kutengesa kusvika kuma1860 apo dzimwe nyika (kunyanya Malaysia neIndonesia) dzakatanga kugadzirwa kwemiti yerabha. Parizvino, rabha yechisikigo ichiri chinhu chakakosha uye inofungidzirwa kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwematani anosvika mamirioni gumi nemana muna 14. Marabha ekugadzira akagadzirwa mukutanga kwema2009 nekubudirira kwakasiyana uye hazvina kusvika kusvika Hondo Yenyika II kuti akagadzirwa-zhinji kuti atsive. rabha yechisikigo mumashandisirwo mazhinji. Rabha rinonyanya kubudirira rekugadzira ipoly(cis-1900-isoprene), kana kuti polyisoprene (IR), ine hunhu uye makemikari zvimiro zvakafanana neayo erabha rechisikigo.
History
Kushandiswa kwekutanga kwerabha kwaive netsika dzechivanhu dzeMesoamerica. Humbowo hwekutanga hwekuchera matongo hwekushandiswa kwemazuva erabha echisikigo kutsika yeOlmec, sezvinei nenzira yemabhora. Rubber yaishandiswa nevaMaya neAztec tsika - kunze kwekugadzira mabhora Aztec akashandisa rubber kugadzira masiki, shangu, nezvimwe zvinhu. Iyo bounce zvimiro zverabha yaive yakakosha kumitambo yebhora yeMesoamerican senge ulama, iyo yaitambwa nevanhu vanosvika zviuru zviviri. Pakazosvika 2,000 BCE maOlmecs akanga achinja kubva mukugadzira zvinhu zverabha kuenda kuishandisa senzira yekunyepedzera yekupenda mifananidzo.
Natural rubber is elastomer inowanikwa kubva latex. Iyi polima haina kujairika pakuti inoumbwa zvachose (nezvisingawanzo siyana) zvecis-1,4-polyisoprene, isina unsaturation (kureva kuti, ma bond maviri) pakati pemacheni makuru maviri akasungirirwa kumaatomu ari padyo necheni huru. Maketani akarongwa mune ega "S" zvigadziriso (ona mufananidzo), izvo zvinopa echisikigo rabha elasticity pamusoro petembiricha yakakura kubva pasi pechando kusvika pa170 ° C (340 ° F).
Production
Silicone rabha inogadzirwa neinorganic, kana synthetic, mapolymer nepo rabha rechisikigo rinobva kulatex yezvimwe zvirimwa. Kemikari, silicone rabha yakasiyana nerabha yechisikigo nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka emethyl mumaketani esilicone nepo rabha rechisikigo rine mapoka evinyl chete mumaketani avo. Iyo yekurapa saiti yesilicone rubha zvakare yakasiyana pane yeakasikwa rabha. Kurapa nzvimbo inzvimbo dziri padivi pepolymer musana uko kuyambuka-kubatanidza kunogona kuitika. Mune silicone rubber, thecnology inoshandisa hydrolyzable silanes senzvimbo dzekurapa, nepo mune zvakasikwa rubber tekinoroji inoshandisa maatomu esarufa senzvimbo yekurapa.
Silicone rabha is inorganic elastomer inoumbwa nesilicon uye oxygen. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare sepolysiloxane. Kusiyana nerabha rechisikigo, silicone rabha haina mbiri zvisungo mumaketani ayo epolymer. Izvi zvinoita kuti isanyanya kubatwa neoxidation uye kuora nekupisa uye nechiedza chezuva. Silicone rabha inewo yakakwira kunyungudika pane yakasikwa rabha, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera high-temperature applications.
Natural rubber is organic elastomer inoumbwa neisoprene units. Iine zvisungo zvakapetwa kaviri mumaketani ayo epolymer, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nyore kune oxidation uye kuderedzwa nekupisa uye chiedza chezuva. Rabha yechisikigo zvakare ine yakaderera kunyungudika pane silicone rabha, ichiita kuti isanyanya kukodzera kune yakakwirira-tembiricha application.
Maumbirwo: chii chimwe chezvirubha izvi chinosanganisira?
Kuumbwa kweSilicone Rubber
Silicone rabha inogadzirwa nemapolima ane Si-O-Si musana. Pamusoro peaya mapolymers, silicone rabha inewo zvekuwedzera senge mafirita, pigment, uye kurapa. Iko kuumbwa kwesilicone rubber inogona kugadzirwa kuti iwane chaiyo zvivakwa.
Ruzhinji rwekutengesa silicone rubbers rwakasvibiswa, zvichireva kuti vakabatwa nemakemikari kana kupisa kuti vavandudze maitiro avo emuviri. Vulcanization inopa silicone rabha kuramba kwayo kune tembiricha yepamusoro uye inoita kuti iwedzere kusimba zvachose.
Kuumbwa kwe Natural Rubber
Natural rubber inogadzirwa nemapolymer ane Isoprene backbones. Aya mapolymers anowanikwa mumuto wemimwe miti, kunyanya Hevea brasiliensis muti. Chimiro chavo chemolecular iketani yemaatomu ekabhoni, ane maatomu akawanda ehydrogen akasungirirwa kumaketani. Aya maatomu ehaidhirojeni ndiwo anogadzira rabha rabha rakawanda. Iyo nzira imwechete (hydrogenation) inoshandiswa kugadzira machira ekugadzira.
Properties: ndezvipi zvinhu zvemuviri zvavanazvo?
Kune akati wandei akakosha zvivakwa zvinosiyanisa silicone rabha kubva kune yakasarudzika rabha. Imwe ndeyekugara kwayo; Silicone rabha inogona kumirisana nekupisa kwakanyanya, UV mwenje, uye kuratidzwa kweOzone pasina kuputsika, nepo rabha rechisikigo richidzikisira nekufamba kwenguva pasi pemamiriro aya. Pamusoro pezvo, silicone rabha inoshingirira kumakemikari pane yakasikwa rabha, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzika yezvishandiso apo inogona kusangana nemakemikari ane hutsinye kana zvinonyungudutsa. Chekupedzisira, silicone rabha ine yakaderera density pane yakasikwa rabha, zvichireva kuti yakareruka muhuremu uye inoshanduka. Izvi zvivakwa zvinoita kuti silicone rabha ive yakanakira zvinhu kune akawanda maindasitiri uye mutengi application.
Silicone rabha elastomer inoumbwa nesilicone — pachayo polima — ine silicon pamwe nekabhoni, hydrogen, uye okisijeni. Silicone rabha ine akati wandei mabhenefiti anoita kuti ive yakanakira kushandiswa mune akawanda akasiyana maapplication.
Iyo inoshingirira kupisa zvakanyanya, zvichireva kuti inogona kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira pasina kudzikisira. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakwana kuti ishandiswe mumashandisirwo uko kune njodzi yekukuvara kwekupisa, senge in silicone motokari gaskets uye sealants.
Silicone rabha zvakare ine yakanakisa kuramba kutonhora kutonhora. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanakira kushandiswa muzvishandiso uko kune njodzi yekukuvara kwechando, senge mumidziyo yekuchengetera chikafu.
Silicone rabha zvakare yakasimba kwazvo. Iyo haidzikisi nekufamba kwenguva sezvinoita rabha rechisikigo, zvichireva kuti ine hupenyu hwakareba. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakwana kuti ishandiswe muzvishandiso uko kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwakakosha, senge mumidziyo yekurapa.
Natural rubber inonzi elastomer inotorwa kubva mumukaka chena fluid inonzi latex inogadzirwa nezvirimwa zvakawanda. Iyo inoratidzira yakanaka mechanicha zvinhu zvakaita se elasticity, abrasion resistance, uye tensile simba pamwe nekunaka kwemvura kudzivirira uye magetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza: rudzii rwetsoka dzavanadzo?
Iwo maviri makuru marudzi erabha ari silicone uye natural rubber. Iwo maviri ane tsoka dzakasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza.
Rabha yechisikigo inogadzirwa kubva muto wemimwe miti, uye inzvimbo inogona kuvandudzwa. Inoputsika nyore nyore munharaunda uye haibudisi chepfu inokuvadza. Kugadzirwa kwerabha yechisikigo kunoda huwandu hwakakura hwevhu, izvo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pane ecosystem.
Silicone rabha inogadzirwa kubva mukugadzira zvinhu uye haisi iyo inogona kuvandudzwa sosi. Haiparadzi nyore nyore munharaunda uye inogona kusunungura chepfu inokuvadza. Kugadzirwa kwesilicone rubber hakudi kuwanda kwevhu, asi zvinhu zvekugadzira zvazvinogadzirwa zvinogona kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza.
Mutengo: zvinodhura zvakadii?
Mutengo unogara uri chinhu chakakosha chekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza zvinhu zvepurojekiti yako. Saka, yakawanda sei silicone nemasikirwo erabha anodhura?
Silicone rabha inowanzo kudhura kupfuura yakasikwa rabha. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti silicone rabha ine zvirinani kupisa kupisa uye makemikari kuramba kupfuura echisikigo rabha. Uye zvakare, silicone rabha inogona kumira tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura yakasikwa rabha, ichiita iyo sarudzo inosarudzika kune akawanda maapplication.
Natural rubber, kune rumwe rutivi, inodhura zvishoma pane silicone rubber. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti rabha rechisikigo harina kurwisa kupisa uye makemikari sesilicone rabha. Nekudaro, rabha rechisikigo rinogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa pane silicone rabha nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera.
Mhedziso: ndeipi rabha iri nani zvachose?
Ese ari maviri silicone rabha uye echisikigo rabha ane zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Zvinonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako zvekuti ndeupi achashanda zvirinani kwauri. Kana iwe uchida chinhu chinogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya, ipapo silicone rubber ndiyo nzira yekuenda nayo. Kana iwe uchida chinhu chakanyanya elastic uye chine yakakwira tensile simba, saka rabha rechisikigo ndiyo sarudzo iri nani. Pakupedzisira, rabha rakanakisa rezvido zvako zvinoenderana nekuti ndeapi hunhu hwakakosha kwauri.
