ʻElua ʻano o ka lāʻau: kūlohelohe a me ka synthetic. No loko mai ka latex maoli, he kohu waiu i loaʻa i loko o nā mea kanu ulu. Hana ʻia ka rubber synthetic mai nā huahana ʻaila a ʻaʻole mai nā mea kanu.
Introduction: he aha ka silicone a me ka ʻōpala maoli, a he aha nā ʻokoʻa nui?
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maoli, e hele mai ana mai ka latex o ka lāʻau Hevea brasiliensis, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka lāʻau mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana e ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi Euro-ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema i ke kenekulia 16. ʻO Brazil ka mea hoʻolako nui a hiki i ka makahiki 1860 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā ʻāina ʻē (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Malaysia a me Indonesia) i ka hana nui ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. I kēia manawa, he waiwai koʻikoʻi ka lāʻau maoli me ka manaʻo o ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o 14 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2009. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā rubbers synthetic i nā makahiki mua o 1900 me nā kūleʻa like ʻole a ʻaʻole hiki i ke Kaua Honua II i hana nui ʻia e pani. ka pulupulu maoli ma na hana he nui. He poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), a i ʻole polyisoprene (IR), ka mea i loaʻa i ke kino a me nā waiwai kemika i like loa me ka lāʻau maoli.
mō'aukala
ʻO ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nā moʻomeheu ʻōiwi o Mesoamerica. ʻO nā hōʻike archeological mua loa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maoli i ka moʻomeheu Olmec, ma ke ʻano he pōpō. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Rubber e ka moʻomeheu Maya a me Aztec - ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana i nā pōpō Ua hoʻohana nā Aztec i ka lāʻau no ka hana ʻana i nā maka, nā kāmaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ka waiwai o ka pahu i nā pāʻani kinipōpō Mesoamerican e like me ka ulama, i pāʻani ʻia e nā poʻe he 2,000. Ma ka makahiki 1700 BCE ua hoʻololi ka poʻe Olmec mai ka hana ʻana i nā mea lāʻau a i ka hoʻohana ʻana ia mea ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka pena kiʻi.
ʻO ka lāʻau kūlohelohe he elastomer i loaʻa mai ka latex. He ʻokoʻa kēia polymer no ka mea, ua haku ʻia (me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe) o cis-1,4-polyisoprene, me ka ʻole o ka unsaturation (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā paʻa pālua) ma waena o nā kaulahao nui ʻelua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻātoma pili i ke kaulahao nui. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kaulahao i nā hoʻonohonoho "S" pākahi (e ʻike i ke kiʻi), e hāʻawi ana i ka lāʻau kūlohelohe i kona elasticity ma luna o kahi ākea ākea mai lalo o ka palena hau a hiki i kahi 170 °C (340 °F).
iecaianoaaiiuo
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau silikoni me nā polymers inorganic, a i ʻole synthetic, akā ʻo ka lāʻau maoli mai nā latex o kekahi mau mea kanu. Ma kemika, ʻokoʻa ka lāʻau silicone mai ka lāʻau maoli ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻulu methyl i nā kaulahao silicone aʻo ka lāʻau kūlohelohe he mau hui vinyl wale nō i ko lākou mau kaulahao. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ke kahua lapaʻau o ka lāʻau silicone ma mua o ka lāʻau maoli. ʻO nā kahua hoʻōla he mau wahi ma ka iwi kuamoʻo polymer kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopili kea. I loko o ka silicone rubbers, hoʻohana ka thecnology i nā silanes hydrolyzable ma ke ʻano he kahua hoʻōla, aʻo ka ʻenehana rubbers maoli hoʻohana i nā ʻātoma sulfur ma ke ʻano he kahua hoʻōla.
ʻO ka pāpaʻi silicone he elastomer inorganic i haku ʻia me ke silika a me ka oxygen. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia he polysiloxane. ʻAʻole e like me ka lāʻau kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe paʻa paʻa ʻelua i loko o kāna mau kaula polimer. Hoʻemi ʻia kēia i ka oxidation a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka wela a me ka lā. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka heheʻe ʻana o ka lāʻau silikoni ma mua o ka lāʻau maoli, e kūpono ai ia nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.
He elastomer kūlohelohe i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana isoprene. Loaʻa iā ia nā paʻa pālua i loko o kāna mau kaulahao polymer, kahi e maʻalahi ai ia i ka oxidation a me ka hōʻino ʻia e ka wela a me ka lā. He haʻahaʻa ka helu heheʻe ʻana o ka lāʻau maoli ma mua o ka silicone rubber, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohui: he aha ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia mau lāʻau?
Hoʻohui ʻia o ka Rubber Silicone
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau silikoni i nā polymers me nā iwi kuamoʻo Si-O-Si. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau polymers, loaʻa i ka silicone rubber nā mea hoʻohui e like me nā mea hoʻopihapiha, nā puaʻa, a me nā curatives. Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia ke ʻano o ka silicone rubber e hoʻokō i nā waiwai kikoʻī.
He vulcanized ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpala silicone kalepa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua mālama ʻia lākou me nā kemika a i ʻole ka wela e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau waiwai kino. Hāʻawi ka Vulcanization i ka silicone rubber i kona kūpaʻa ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
Huipuia o ka Lapa Maoli
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau kūlohelohe i nā polymers me nā iwi kuamoʻo Isoprene. Loaʻa kēia mau polymers i loko o ke kohu o kekahi mau lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lāʻau Hevea brasiliensis. ʻO ko lākou ʻano molekala he kaulahao o nā ʻātoma kalapona, me kekahi mau ʻātoma hydrogen i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kaulahao. ʻO kēia mau ʻātoma hydrogen ka mea e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ka lāʻau kūlohelohe. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana like (hydrogenation) e hana i nā rubbers synthetic.
Nā waiwai: he aha nā waiwai kino i loaʻa iā lākou?
Aia kekahi mau waiwai koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka rubber silicone mai ka rubber maoli. ʻO kekahi o kona lōʻihi; Hiki i ka ʻili silikoni ke kūpaʻa i nā mahana wela loa, nā kukui UV, a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka Ozone me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka lāʻau kūlohelohe i ka manawa ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau silicone i nā kemika ma mua o ka lāʻau kūlohelohe, e lilo ia i mea koho maikaʻi loa no nā noi kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā kemika koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā solvents. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka rubber silicone ma mua o ka ʻōpala maoli, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. Hana kēia mau waiwai i ka silicone rubber ka mea kūpono no nā noi ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
He elastomer ka silikoni i haku ʻia me ke silikoni—he polymer ponoʻī—i loko o ka silika me ke kalapona, hydrogen, a me ka oxygen. He nui nā pono o ka Silicone rubber i kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi like ʻole.
He pale wela loa ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke pale i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana. He mea maikaʻi kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kahi e pilikia ai ka pōʻino wela, e like me ka in silicone kaʻa kaʻa a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mahana anu. He mea maikaʻi kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kahi e pilikia ai ka pōʻino anu, e like me nā pahu mālama meaʻai.
Paʻa loa ka lāʻau silicone. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā lōʻihi e like me ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona ola. He mea kūpono kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kahi mea nui ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi, e like me nā mea lapaʻau.
He elastomer ka ʻōpala maoli i unuhi ʻia mai ka wai keʻokeʻo waiu i kapa ʻia he latex i hana ʻia e nā mea kanu he nui. Hōʻike ia i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi e like me ka elasticity, abrasion resistance, a me ka ikaika tensile a me ke kūpaʻa wai maikaʻi a me nā waiwai insulation uila.
Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni: he aha ke ʻano o ke kapuaʻi i loaʻa iā lākou?
ʻO nā ʻano mea nui ʻelua o ka lāʻau he silicone a me ka ʻōpala maoli. He ʻokoʻa ko lāua mau kapuaʻi kaiapuni.
Hana ʻia ka ʻōpala maoli mai ke kohu o kekahi mau kumulāʻau, a he kumu waiwai hou ia. E wāwahi maʻalahi i ke kaiapuni a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i nā toxins ʻino. Pono ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōpala maoli i ka ʻāina nui, hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā kaiaola.
Hana ʻia ka ʻili silikoni mai nā mea synthetic a ʻaʻole ia he kumu waiwai hou. ʻAʻole ia e wāwahi maʻalahi i loko o ke kaiapuni a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā toxins ʻino. ʻAʻole pono ka hana ʻana o ka silicone rubber i ka nui o ka ʻāina, akā ʻo nā mea synthetic i hana ʻia mai ia mea hiki ke hōʻino i ke kaiapuni.
Kumukūʻai: ehia ke kumukūʻai?
He mea nui ke kumu kūʻai e noʻonoʻo ai i ke koho ʻana i mea no kāu papahana. No laila, ehia ke kumu kūʻai o ka silicone a me nā ʻōpala kūlohelohe?
ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka lāʻau silicone. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka wela a me ka pale kemika ma mua o ka lāʻau kūlohelohe. Eia hou, hiki i ka silicone rubber ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻōpala maoli, e lilo ia i koho i makemake ʻia no nā noi he nui.
ʻO ka lāʻau kūlohelohe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka silicone rubber. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole kū like ka lāʻau kūlohelohe i ka wela a me nā mea kemika e like me ka silicone rubber. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau kūlohelohe ma kahi ākea o nā noi ma mua o ka silicone rubber ma muli o kona kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
Ka hopena: ʻo wai ka lāʻau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
Loaʻa nā pono a me nā pōʻino ʻelua. Pili maoli ia i kāu mau pono kikoʻī e pili ana i ka mea e hana maikaʻi ai iā ʻoe. Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi mea hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a laila ʻo ka silicone rubber ke ala e hele ai. Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka elastic a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka tensile ikaika, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōpala kūlohelohe. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ka ʻōpala maikaʻi loa no kāu mau pono e pili ana i nā ʻano mea nui iā ʻoe.
