Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni into yomkhiqizo wakho olandelayo, kubalulekile ukukala ubuhle nobubi benketho ngayinye. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizoqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezithandwayo: irabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane.
Yiziphi irabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane?
Irabha ye-Silicone ne-polyurethane ama-elastomer amabili asetshenziswa kabanzi. Zombili ziyizinto eziqinile ezingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.
Irabha ye-Silicone iyirabha yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-silicone, inhlanganisela ye-silicon nomoya-mpilo, okusho ukuthi inamandla okubuyela esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni ngemva kokunwetshwa noma ukucindezelwa. Irabha ye-Silicone inezinto eziningi eziwusizo, ezihlanganisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ubuthi obuphansi, nokumelana nesimo sezulu nokuguga. Isetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-seal, ama-gaskets, ukufakwa kukagesi, nezingxenye zezimoto.
I-polyurethane enye irabha yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-polyurethane, inhlanganisela yekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, nomoya-mpilo, kodwa ayiguquguquki njengerabha ye-silicone. I-polyurethane nayo inezici eziningi eziwusizo, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokuhuzuka okuphezulu nokuvumelana nezimo. Isetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene okufana namakhushini egwebu aguquguqukayo, okokunamathela, okunamathelisa kanye nama-sealants.
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwerabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane?
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni impahla yomkhiqizo wakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zenketho ngayinye. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho unquma phakathi kwerabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane. Yize zombili izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyizinketho ezinhle kakhulu zemikhiqizo eminingi, zinezici ezihlukile ezingenza enye ifaneleke kakhulu kunomunye.
Umehluko owodwa obalulekile phakathi kwerabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane i-durometer, noma ubulukhuni. Irabha ye-Silicone inobunzima obuhlukahlukene, kusukela ekuthambile kakhulu kuya kokuqina kakhulu. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele imikhiqizo edinga ukuthamba noma ukuguquguquka, njengama-gaskets noma ama-seal. I-polyurethane nayo inobunzima obuningi, kodwa izinketho zayo ezinzima zinzima kunezinketho ezilukhuni zerabha ye-silicone. Lokhu kwenza i-polyurethane ifaneleke kangcono emikhiqizweni edinga ukuqina, njengamasondo noma ama-caster.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwerabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane inqubo yokwelapha. Amarabha e-Silicone elashwa ngezindlela ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukushisa, ukushisa kwegumbi, kanye nemisebe. I-polyurethane inohlu olulinganiselwe lwezinqubo zokuphulukisa.
Okokugcina, irabha ye-Silicone ngokuvamile imelana nokushisa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kune-polyurethane, kodwa futhi ibiza kakhulu. I-polyurethane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivumelana nezimo futhi ine-density ephansi, okwenza kube lula ngesisindo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zenjoloba ye-silicone?
Irabha ye-Silicone inezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene eziyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zenjoloba ye-silicone ukumelana kwayo nokushisa okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngaphandle kokwesaba umonakalo noma ukucekelwa phansi. Ukwengeza, irabha ye-silicone nayo imelana kakhulu namakhemikhali, okuyenza ibe yinto ekahle yokusebenzisa ezimeni lapho kungenzeka khona ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anonya.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-polyurethane?
I-polyurethane iyinto eqinile, ehlala isikhathi eside engasetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokudabuka nokuhuzuka, okuyenza ikhetheke kahle ezintweni ezigqokwa kakhulu njengezingxenye zemoto, amagiya namarola. I-polyurethane nayo ayingeni manzi futhi imelana nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali, okwenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle.
Umthelela kwezemvelo: ziyithinta kanjani imvelo?
Nakuba kokubili i-polyurethane nerabha ye-silicone kuyizinto zokwenziwa ezidalwe nge-polymerization, zinezici ezihlukile ezizenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi i-polyurethane iyi-thermoset kuyilapho irabha ye-silicone iyi-thermoplastic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma i-polyurethane selaphekile, ayikwazi ukuncibilika futhi iguqulwe njenge-silicone yerabha yekani. Omunye umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi i-polyurethane iqukethe i-carbon ngenkathi irabha ye-silicone ingenayo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngomthelela wemvelo, zombili izinto zokwakha zinezinzuzo nezingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho okuqukethe amakhemikhali anobuthi noma izinsimbi ezisindayo ukuze zilahlwe ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo ezungezile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi zombili ziyizinto zokwenziwa ezenziwe ngemikhiqizo esekelwe ku-petroleum, azibolaki futhi zizohlala ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza iminyaka eminingi.
Kunini lapho irabha ye-silicone iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zenjoloba, futhi ngayinye inezici ezihlukile ezenza ifaneleke kangcono izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Irabha ye-Silicone ingenye yezinhlobo zenjoloba eguquguquka kakhulu, futhi inezinhlelo eziningi ezisetshenziswayo. Nazi ezinye izimo lapho irabha ye-silicone iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu:
-Uma udinga irabha engakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu: Irabha ye-Silicone ingamelana namazinga okushisa asuka ku -55°C kuya ku-+300°C, okwenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ezinye izinjoloba zizohluleka khona.
-Lapho udinga injoloba ekwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali: Irabha ye-silicone imelana namakhemikhali amaningi ahlukene, ahlanganisa amafutha, amafutha, nama-asidi. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezicelo lapho amanye amarabha azolimala.
-Lapho udinga irabha enezinto ezinhle zokuvala ugesi: Irabha ye-silicone iyisivikeli esihle kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho izingxenye zikagesi zidinga ukuhlukaniswa komunye nomunye.
-Lapho udinga irabha eguquguqukayo: Irabha ye-Silicone iguquguquka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamarabha, okwenza kube ekahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukuguquguquka.
Iyiphi i-polyurethane engcono kakhulu yokukhetha?
Irabha ye-polyurethane iyinto eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Ine ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-abrasion, okwenza kube kuhle kumikhiqizo ezobona ukusetshenziswa okunzima. Futhi inokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle emikhiqizweni ezohlangana nezinto eziyingozi. I-polyurethane iphinde ibe isivikelo esihle, okuyenza ilungele imikhiqizo edinga ukuvikela ezingozini zikagesi.
Ungakhetha kanjani phakathi kwerabha ye-silicone ne-polyurethane?
Lona ngumbuzo ojwayelekile ongenampendulo elula. Kuya ngohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo ezithile ezidingekayo. Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile:
Uma kudingeka ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, hamba nerabha ye-silicone. Ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-204°C (400°F). I-polyurethane ingakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa elifika ku-93°C (200°F). Okufana nokudlulisa ukushisa kwamarola erabha abicah.
Uma ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuyadingeka, khetha irabha ye-silicone. Ihlala iguquguquka kuze kube -55°C (-67°F). I-polyurethane iba lukhuni futhi ibe brittle ku -40°C (-40°F).
Uma ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kuyimfuneko, futhi, khetha irabha ye-silicone. Ibamba kahle emafutheni, kugrisi, kuphethiloli, nakuketshezi olunamanzi. I-polyurethane ayinawo amandla okumelana nowoyela namafutha kodwa yenza kahle ngama-aliphatic hydrocarbons afana nophethiloli.
I-polyurethane idlula irabha ye-silicone ekumelaneni nemihuzuko, amandla okudabula, namandla aqinile. Uma lezi zakhiwo zibalulekile, hamba ne-polyurethane. Okufana nokuthi: I-Anti-slip mat yesikhulumi sokumba, isikrini sokudlidliza se-PU.
Isiphetho
Kusukela engxoxweni engenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi irabha ye-silicone inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-polyurethane. Irabha ye-Silicone iguquguquka kakhulu, ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kune-polyurethane. Ibuye ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa futhi ingenziwa ngezifiso ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, irabha ye-silicone ibiza kakhulu kune-polyurethane futhi akulula ukuyithola.
