Iyini i-Nitrile Rubber?
Irabha ye-nitrile yenziwe nge-butadiene ne-acrylonitrile nge-emulsion polymerization. I-lotion yenziwa ikakhulukazi i-lotion polymerization emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka nokushisa kunamandla futhi ukunamathela kwayo kuhle. Kancane kancane iba yinto enwebekayo ebalulekile ezimotweni, ezondiza, ezikaphethiloli, ezenza amakhophi nakwezinye izimboni.
I-Butadiene monomer iqukethe izakhiwo ezintathu zamaketango ahlukene: i-CIS, i-trans, namaqembu ashisiwe angu-1,2. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo yenjoloba ye-trans in nitrile ilinganiselwa ku-78%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwayo kweketango lamangqamuzana kuqukethe iqembu le-cyano, ngakho ukumelana kwawo nowoyela kungcono kunokwenjoloba evamile. Lawa ma-rubber ahlanganisa irabha yemvelo, i-neoprene, nerabha ye-styrene-butadiene; Phakathi kwazo, ukumelana nowoyela kuhloswe kakhulu kuwoyela wamaminerali, uphethiloli owuketshezi, uwoyela wezilwane nemifino, kanye ne-solvent.
Ukusebenza okusobala kakhulu kwe-Nitrile ukumelana nowoyela. Ngokumelana kwayo kahle nowoyela, irabha ye-nitrile ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo yerabha engazweli uwoyela. Irabha ye-Nitrile ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza imikhiqizo yenjoloba ehlukene engamelana nowoyela, okuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zamagaski angamelana nowoyela, imikhono, ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, ipayipi eliguquguqukayo, imibhede yokuphrinta nokudaya, izinto zerabha zekhebula, njll.
Enye inzuzo yemikhiqizo yenjoloba ye-nitrile ukuthi inezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lenkonzo uma liqhathaniswa namanye amarabha, futhi izinga lokushisa lawo elivamile lokusebenza lesikhathi eside lingafinyelela ku-120 ℃; Izinga lokushisa lengilazi eliphansi kakhulu lingafinyelela ku-55 ℃. Kuphinde kube nokubi. Its Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-insulation akukuhle neze futhi ukunwebeka kwayo kuphansi.
Iyini i-Silicone Rubber?
Igama lesiNgisi lejeli ye-silica yijeli ye-Silica noma i-Silica, ifomula yamakhemikhali ithi mSiO2 nH2O, futhi ingabizwa nangokuthi ijeli ye-silica. Kuyinto ekhangayo enomsebenzi ophezulu, futhi isimo sayo se-amorphous. Ijeli ye-silica ngokuvamile i-transparent noma i-milky white granular solid; Isakhiwo sikhethekile futhi sivula i-porous. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza izimo ezinhle zokukhangisa inani elikhulu lezinto, futhi sine-adsorption enhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabuye ishintshwe ibe ijeli ye-silika ye-hydrated, eqinile. Isinyathelo esiqondile siwukwengeza i-sulfuric acid ehlanjululwe (noma i-hydrochloric acid) kwisisombululo esinamanzi se-sodium silicate esimweni esimile. Bese ugeza ama-ion e-electrolyte, njenge-Na + ne-SO42 – (Cl -) ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kokumisa, ijeli ye-silica ingatholakala. Ukuchaza amandla e-adsorption yayo, ukuthatha amanzi njengesibonelo, umthamo we-adsorption jikelele ungafinyelela cishe ku-40% futhi onamandla angafinyelela ku-300%. Ngenxa yalesi sici sejeli ye-silica, ingasetshenziselwa ukomisa igesi, ukumuncwa kwegesi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, i-chromatography, i-catalyst, njalonjalo. Futhi enqubweni ethile yokusetshenziswa, umbala wejeli ye-silica nawo uhlukile. Isibonelo, lapho i-cobalt chloride ingeziwe: iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimweni esomile, ibomvu ngemva kokumunca amanzi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma ubheke ukuletha lo mkhiqizo we-silicone wekhwalithi ephezulu ebhizinisini lakho, cabanga Umphakeli wemikhiqizo yerabha ye-silicone ye-Suconvey yezixazululo zokukhiqiza zendlela yokwenza amaphrojekthi akho alandelayo akhiqize kakhudlwana!
Ingxenye eyinhloko equkethwe kujeli ye-silica yi-silica. Amakhemikhali e-silica azinzile. Ayincibiliki emanzini futhi ayihlangani namanzi. Ngenxa yezici ze-silica, ijeli ye-silica akulula ukuyishisa futhi izakhiwo zayo azinzile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokucubungula, okuqukethwe kothuli ku-workshop kufanele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwebanga le-10mg/m3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi badinga ukuqinisa umoya futhi bagqoke imaski. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomthamo oqinile we-adsorption wejeli ye-silica, kulula ukubangela ukoma esikhumbeni somuntu, ngakho-ke abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izingubo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze bamelane nomphumela wokomisa. Uma uchitha ijeli ye-silica emehlweni akho ngenxa yokusebenza ngokunganaki, udinga ukugeza amehlo akho ngamanzi amaningi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udinga ukuya esibhedlela ngesikhathi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imibala ye-silica gel ihlukile ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene kanye nezifunda. Phakathi kwazo, ijeli ye-silica eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iqukethe inani elincane le-cobalt chloride, engase ibe yingozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuthintana nokudla noma ukuhogela. Uma selingenile emzimbeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi liye esibhedlela ukuze lilashwe kusenesikhathi. Uma ijeli ye-silica ikhangisa umhwamuko wamanzi noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo phakathi nendawo phakathi nokujwayela, umthamo wayo wokukhanga ungase ube buthakathaka, kodwa ungasetshenziswa kabusha ngemva kokukhiqizwa kabusha.
Uyini Umehluko phakathi kweNitrile Rubber neSilicone Rubber?
Umehluko ekubunjweni:
-Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zerabha i-silicone ne-nitrile rubber. Zombili zinezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ezizenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Irabha ye-Silicone yenziwe nge-polymer ye-silicon, umoya-mpilo, nezinye izakhi, njenge-carbon ne-hydrogen. Iyirabha yokwenziwa eguquguqukayo, ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi imelana nokushisa. Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, njenge amashubhu namapayipi, ukufakwa kukagesi, izinto zokupheka, izinto zokwelapha, nezinamatheliso.
Irabha ye-nitrile yenziwe nge-copolymer ye-acrylonitrile ne-butadiene. Iyirabha yokwenziwa ekwazi ukumelana nowoyela futhi enamandla okusebenza kahle. Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi lapho kudingeka ukumelana nowoyela noma amakhemikhali, njengezigxivizo ezinjinini zezimoto kanye nama-gaskets kuma-plumbing fixtures.
Umehluko Ngezakhiwo:
-Injoloba ye-Silicone ne-nitrile yizo zombili ama-elastomers okwenziwa. Babelana ngezakhiwo eziningi, kepha kunomehluko omncane obalulekile phakathi kwabo.
Omunye umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-silicone iyi-polymer engaphili, kanti irabha ye-nitrile iyi-polymer ephilayo. Lo mehluko uvela eqinisweni lokuthi i-silicone iqukethe i-silicon - i-metalloid - njengomgogodla wayo, kuyilapho umgogodla werabha ye-nitrile uqukethe ama-athomu e-carbon.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile kwe-silicone nerabha ye-nitrile kubangela umehluko ophawulekayo ngokomzimba. I-Silicone inokuminyana okuphansi kunerabha ye-nitrile, okusho ukuthi ilula. Iphinde ibe nemoduli ye-Young ephakeme, okusho ukuthi iqinile. Ngokuphambene, irabha ye-nitrile inokumelana nokuhuzuka okungcono namandla okudabula kune-silicone.
Kukhona futhi umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili. I-Silicone ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kunerabha ye-nitrile - kufika ku-204°C uma iqhathaniswa no-121°C yerabha ye-nitrile - okwenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ezifana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto. Irabha ye-nitrile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenza kangcono kune-silicone ngokumelana nowoyela nophethiloli; ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuxhumaneni nemikhiqizo yokudla ngaphandle kokwesaba ukungcola.
Umehluko Ekuqineni:
-Irabha ye-Nitrile ibiza kancane kunerabha ye-silicone, kodwa ayinwebeki kakhulu futhi ayihlali isikhathi eside. Irabha ye-Silicone ibiza kakhulu kunerabha ye-nitrile, kodwa inohlu olukhulu lokunwebeka nokuqina.
Umehluko ku-Tear Resistance:
-Irabha ye-Nitrile inokumelana nokushisa okuhle futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni edinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njengama-mitts oven namagilavu. Kodwa ukumelana nokushisa kwerabha ye-silicone kungaphansi kwerabha ye-nitrile, izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lerabha ye-silicone ngokuvamile lincane kunerabha ye-nitrile.
Umehluko Wokumelana Ne-Abrasion:
-Lezi zinto ezimbili zivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye ngoba zinezakhiwo ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, irabha ye-nitrile ingasetshenziselwa imikhiqizo edinga ukumelana nowoyela noma amanzi, kuyilapho irabha ye-silicone ifaneleka kangcono emikhiqizweni edinga ukumelana nokugqwala.
Umehluko kuzinhlelo zokusebenza:
-Omunye umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-silicone nerabha ye-nitrile ukuthi i-silicone iyirabha yokwenziwa, kuyilapho i-nitrile iyirabha yemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi irabha ye-nitrile yenziwe nge-latex, evela ezitshalweni, kuyilapho i-silicone yenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa.
Lo mehluko ekubunjweni uholela ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene zohlobo ngalunye lwenjoloba. Isibonelo, irabha ye-nitrile imelana kakhulu namafutha namakhemikhali kune-silicone. I-silicone, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inokumelana okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kune-nitrile.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha phakathi kwe-silicone nerabha ye-nitrile ohlelweni lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini othize owenziwayo.
Umehluko ezindlekweni:
-Kunezizathu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani i-silicone ibiza ngaphezu kwerabha ye-nitrile. Okokuqala, i-silicone inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme kakhulu kunerabha ye-nitrile, okusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Okwesibili, i-silicone imelana kakhulu nokuwohloka kokukhanya kwe-UV nezinye izici zemvelo. Okokugcina, i-silicone iyinto enwebeka kakhulu kunerabha ye-nitrile, okusho ukuthi inganwetshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphuka.
Umehluko ekukhiqizeni:
-Irabha ye-Silicone iyirabha yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-silicone, i-polymer ye-silicon nomoya-mpilo. Amarabha e-Silicone asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokumelana nokushisa okukhulu. Zisetshenziswa kukho konke kusuka kuma-gaskets kanye nezimpawu kuya ekufakweni kukagesi kanye nemishini yezokwelapha.
Irabha ye-nitrile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Buna-N noma i-NBR, iyirabha yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-nitrile, i-copolymer ye-acrylonitrile ne-butadiene. Amarabha e-nitrile amelana namafutha, izinto zokubasa, namanye amakhemikhali. Asetshenziswa kuma-gaskets, seal, hoses, neminye imikhiqizo lapho kudingeka ukumelana nowoyela.
Umehluko ekuzinzeni:
Uma kukhulunywa ngokusimama, izinto ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-silicone nerabha ye-nitrile. Zombili lezi zinto zinezinzuzo zazo ezihlukile ezizenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Nansi inkomba esheshayo yomehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezisimeme:
-I-Silicone yenziwe nge-silicon, into eyenzeka ngokwemvelo engatholakala esihlabathini nasetsheni. Futhi ingesinye sezakhi ezichichima kakhulu oqweqweni loMhlaba. Lokhu kwenza i-silicone ibe yinsiza evuselelekayo kakhulu.
-Irabha ye-Nitrile yenziwe nge-petroleum, insiza engavuseleleki. Kodwa-ke, irabha ye-nitrile ingaphinda igaywe kabusha ibe yimikhiqizo emisha ekupheleni kwesikhathi sayo sokuphila.
-I-Silicone ine-carbon footprint ephansi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namanye amarubha okwenziwa. Eqinisweni, ukukhiqiza i-silicone kukhipha i-60% ngaphansi kwe-carbon dioxide kunokukhiqiza irabha ye-nitrile.
-Irabha ye-Nitrile imelana kakhulu nokushisa kune-silicone, iyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu ekhathazayo.
-I-Silicone inobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokubekezelela izinga lokushisa (-40 ° C kuya ku-230 ° C), okwenza ifaneleke kokubili okubandayo nokushisayo.
-Irabha ye-Nitrile imelana kakhulu nokuhuzuka kune-silicone, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuguga nokudabukile kuwukukhathazeka.
Umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kabusha:
-Kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwe-silicone nerabha ye-nitrile, kodwa umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi i-silicone iyakwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe ngenkathi i-nitrile rubber ingekho. I-silicone ingaphinda isetshenziswe ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-pelletization, lapho impahla incibilika phansi futhi yakhelwe ama-pellets amancane angasetshenziswa ukudala imikhiqizo emisha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, irabha ye-nitrile, ayikwazi ukugaywa kabusha ngale ndlela ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma imikhiqizo yenjoloba ye-nitrile ilahlwa, izogcina isendaweni yokulahla udoti lapho kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ukubhidlika.
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokuqhathanisa:
Irabha ye-Nitrile nerabha ye-silicone yizinhlobo ezimbili zenjoloba ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene. Irabha ye-Nitrile iyinto ethambile, evumelana nezimo kunerabha ye-silicone, eyenza ifaneleke kangcono kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Irabha ye-Nitrile nayo inobude bempilo ende kunerabha ye-silicone. Ezinye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-nitrile ne-silicone rubber zihlanganisa:
Isiphetho
I-Nitrile ne-silicone yizinhlobo ezimbili zenjoloba ezivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ngoba zinezakhiwo ezihlukene. Irabha ye-Nitrile iyirabha eqinile, yokwenziwa engaguquguquki njenge-silicone. Futhi mancane amathuba okuthi iphuke ekukhanyeni kwelanga noma emoyeni futhi ingavuthwa (yenziwe into eqinile) ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, irabha ye-Silicone, iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Iphinde ijwayele ukufiphala futhi ishintshe umbala kunerabha ye-nitrile.
Yiqiniso, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzoba nokuthambekela okuhlukile kwezimboni ezahlukene. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ngokwezidingo zawo.
